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This 8 session (60 minutes each session) course is an overview of ancient history. The course begins with an overview of prehistory and will end (roughly) with the first emperor of Rome. By the course's end I hope to have given students an overview of the questions and debates facing scholarship in ancient history. Students can choose to either take all eight or have me teach the parts that they are most interested in (i.e just the Ancient Near East, or Ancient Greece, etc). We do not have to follow the order listed in the content breakdown. Throughout the course I will use maps to talk about the influence geography has played in these cultures and relevant social media clips from Youtube. To illustrate broad patterns, the following three databases will be recuring sources: the world history maps of Thomas Lessman at Historical World Maps - World History Atlas (https://worldhistorymaps.net/), the interactive Map of the Ancient World (https://www.worldhistory.org/map/), and maps from The Timemap of World History ( https://timemaps.com/). I look forward to our explorations together! Subject Breakdown Prehistory and Origin of Terms (1 class) Ancient Near East (3 classes) Ancient Greece (2 classes) Ancient Rome and Italian Peninsula (2 classes)

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With this course, I aim to introduce my students to the Ancient World, focusing on Mediterranean cultures during the Iron Age, and adapting the content based on student feedback. My goal is to create a specialized course that addresses the curiosities and interests of those who wish to learn more about this time and place.

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Why choose this archaeology course? The Archaeology course focusing on the Early History of Europe is ideal for those interested in understanding the roots of European civilizations and their cultural development. As an expert in archaeology with experience in teaching and fieldwork, I have designed a comprehensive course that combines rigorous theory with practical examples. 1. Solid training: The course is based on the latest archaeological discoveries and up-to-date research. 2. Dynamic methodology: Includes theoretical classes, analysis of practical cases and interactive activities to promote meaningful learning. 3. Adapted to all levels: It is designed for both beginners and advanced students who wish to delve deeper into this historical period. ________________________________________ Main topics of the course The course covers a wide variety of topics within the Protohistory of Europe. • Introduction to European Protohistory: Basic concepts and chronology. • Early European civilizations: Urnfield culture, Hallstatt and La Tène. • Social relations and political structures: How protohistoric communities lived and were organized. • Economy and trade: Commercial networks and the use of metal as a key element. • Religion and symbolism: Interpretation of ritual sites and artifacts. • Applied archaeological methods: Excavations, materials analysis and digital technologies. • Impact of Protohistory on modern Europe: Cultural legacy and connection with current cultures. ________________________________________ Course methodology The course is designed to be accessible, interactive and enriching. 1. Theoretical classes: Detailed presentations with visual material, maps and timelines. 2. Practical case studies: Analysis of emblematic sites such as Hallstatt, Biskupin or the Manching oppidum. 3. Digital resources: Use of 3D reconstruction software and virtual visits to archaeological sites. 4. Participatory activities: Workshops on excavation techniques and materials analysis. ________________________________________ Benefits of this archaeology course • Deep understanding: A comprehensive view of European protohistoric societies. • Practical learning: Skills useful for research and fieldwork. • Development of critical thinking: Analysis of material sources and historical interpretation. ________________________________________ Introduction to the Protohistory of Europe The course begins by exploring the definition of Protohistory and its relevance in the European context. Through comparative chronologies, students will gain a solid foundation in the transitional periods between Prehistory and History. ________________________________________ First European Civilizations The main protohistoric cultures are studied, such as: • Urnfields: First evidence of systematic incineration and initial urbanization. • Hallstatt culture: Development of iron metallurgy and complex societies. • La Tène culture: Celtic art and its influences in Europe. ________________________________________ Social relations and political structures This module examines how communities were organized, including social hierarchies, gender roles, and power structures. Early forms of alliances and conflicts between tribes are also examined. ________________________________________ Economy and trade in Protohistory Protohistoric trade networks were central to the exchange of goods, ideas, and technology. Students will explore: • The circulation of bronze and iron. • The importance of amber, salt and ceramics as prestigious goods. • Transportation methods and trade routes. ________________________________________ Religion and symbolism The course addresses the role of spirituality and symbolism in Protohistory, including: • Interpretation of ritual artifacts. • Analysis of places of worship and burial sites. • Connection with the beliefs of later cultures. ________________________________________ Applied archaeological methods This section introduces the techniques used in archaeology: • Excavation and recording of sites. • Analysis of materials such as ceramics, tools and ornaments. • Use of digital technologies such as photogrammetry and GIS (Geographic Information Systems). ________________________________________ Impact of Protohistory on modern Europe The course concludes with a reflection on how protohistoric cultures influence the identity and cultural heritage of Europe today. ________________________________________ Course organization and schedules The course is taught in-person and online, with weekly sessions that combine theory and practice. Classes are available at flexible times, including weekends, to facilitate the participation of all interested parties. ________________________________________