ONLINE GERMAN (regular & Business): Private Tutor/Native Teacher with Linguistic Background & a Decade in Business

From 99.83 C$ /h

Hello Dear German Learners,

I`m a private tutor/teacher with German as a native language, who teaches German - all fully online (Skype/Zoom), from the comfort of your home. My time zone is LONDON TIME.

After ca. 5,5 yrs of training in translation and interpreting in my home country and abroad to get my degree/certifications (English is one of my "trained" languages; I speak ca. 6 languages these days) I went on working in some "real life" job/business and gained a quite diverse work experience. So, that is my many years with international clients and multilingual colleagues on top...

I am well-traveled and have lived in various countries, so can make sense of most cultural backgrounds (if not I love learning on top!). My students came from countries like Russia/Kazakstan, Brazil, UK, US, Spain and others...
I had already tutored in a very young age (in real life), then given German to smaller groups when abroad (also in person), and finally started teaching fully online when Corona hit. In 2020 I was even named "tutor of the year" by one of the platforms I worked with. My student ratings were excellent - so I can say I`m happy that my "learners" felt in good hands with me.

While being able to work with all levels and ages I usually take on adults for students - my students come with and without prior knowledge.
Please communicate what you`re at - and how I can help you make good progress. Probably you have a goal or know that you have a preferred way of studying, which we should integrate?
If you have questions I can answer, please feel free to voice them at any point!

As to the costs I go by 90min sessions (I count 45mins for 1 single class usually, but don`t offer single classes at the moment).
Per month 1 class can be re-scheduled/canceled within 24+ hrs (late cancellation requires to pay the class; that is because I had some people rescheduling every week and multiple times lastminute, which is hard to deal with - as for me: cancel as you want, but then the cancellation policy will be in place and the "empty slot" has to be covered!)

Can`t wait to hear back from you - and help you with your next steps with this very exciting language! It has many rewarding "bulb-light moments", particularly for English learners (the languages had common roots way back!). So, it`s actually a lot of fun to learn about it and discover that it ́s not "all so hard". - At least I hope to make it a "smooth ride" for you!

Talk soon! Happy to learn together!
Many greetings,
Maria

Extra information

I usually teach in English and/or German, but Spanish will work, too. I also speak French and Portuguese, so basically should be able to teach in those, too. If you speak other languages than that: I`ll understand languages based on Latin and a bit of some Eastern European ones.

Please get in touch indicating your level, if you can commit to continuous learning (how are your prospects?), and your goals etc.

As of early December 2022, I have opened up 5-10 slots to offer to new students. My availability will depend on how quickly my slots fill up. I`d advise you to get in touch timely (I sometimes also take on projects, so may have peak times with students and some without - and times when I can`t accept new learners...).

Note that I can also offer INTERVIEW PREPARATION IN GERMAN (for job seekers).
I can offer i.e. 1-2 sessions of 90-120mins for that. Please ask, if that is of interest (explaining what you need and indicating prior knowledge!).

Location

Online from United Kingdom

About Me

Originally a language professional I worked with coaching and guiding people for a while, but really went from long-term contracts in diverse roles for companies to work on my side hustles in different scopes.
2020 I started teaching online (Business German among others) with very good success. I also pursued more coaching and alternatively oriented offers to others. In former years I had coached in business already, so could use that "positive baggage" well.

Today I like to work with people on topics where I bring experience to help them with their own success, or simply which I enjoy sharing.

I can be bubbly and interested in my personality, but overall am a quiet person, who likes to think through something. I`m fairly well-traveled and have lived in various countries, which helps me understand cultural differences.
Usually, I work online on projects or give classes/offer services of diverse sorts. I enjoy other people and find it great to have a little bit of variety in all of it.

Feel free to get back to me if my class offers to speak to you!
I`m always happy to work with serious learners and inspire people on their progress!

Education

Professional language training & title, specialized institutes of higher learning (Translation and Interpreting Schools/University in Germany and Spain); 5,5 yrs of studies.

Experience / Qualifications

I am a language professional (with studies/specialist education) with 15+ yrs in Business. Among others in coaching relevant areas.

I like to teach or pass on what I find useful so others can improve their own learning or positions in a company environment.

Age

Teenagers (13-17 years old)

Adults (18-64 years old)

Seniors (65+ years old)

Student level

Beginner

Intermediate

Advanced

Duration

90 minutes

The class is taught in

English

German

Spanish

French

Skills

German

German for adults

Communication skills

Vocabulary

Availability of a typical week

(GMT -05:00)

New York

Online via webcam

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

Sun

00-04

04-08

08-12

12-16

16-20

20-24

ASTROLOGY READINGS & CLASSES (Radix/Birth Horoscope)

138.22 C$ /h

WHAT?
Astrology class on a certain topic - NO PREDICTIONS!!! (No "whohoo"; I ́m just reading in line with the astrologers` associations and the usual reading patterns...not telling you the future nor doing any magic...)

> Astrology (private) class: 45mins 60 GBP (or ask, if group of 2-3 people): We learn something together, like i.e. the significance of a planet or house in the horoscope > you tell me what interests you!
> Readings related to one particular area (career/personality/spirituality etc.) are: 60 GBP for 45mins
(please ask back first...I would like to make sure that I`m the right reader for you > I don`t do "predictions")
> I also offer to read a full radix (= birth horoscope reading) for 90 GBP in up to 120mins
(it takes a good chunk of time, and is quite broad...but depends on the individual horoscope)
> Ask for courses - or little groups; I may prefer to run them so I don`t repeat the ever-same topics one-by-one! So ask, if you would like that. I`ll see if it makes sense to build it up that way!
(Also, in a study group interesting questions can come up for everybody! And it`s fun to look at the possible interpretations together!)

ABOUT:
I started using esoteric practices as a teenager - but never understood them as something "mystical", really. A good part of it came from family, however, I had a keen interest in psychology (particularly Jungian) and read myself through wild libraries like a good bookworm early on. In my early 20ies I had, then, spent 8 years with a deep immersion in astrology (diverse schools & systems), at times exchanging ideas and reading types with practicing astrologers on the side. But I just started reading for others a little later - and another while, even later, then for money. The esoteric practices came with a lot of other topics, which I evolved in and worked in professionally "on the side" for around 10 years. - I am experienced in all of this and may have my own "style" by now. Always falling back on "traditional roots", though. But no online courses and no "quick fix" involved here. It took me many years and it was slow and constant learning about oneself and working with others, step by step.
I take a bit from tarot ideas (which I started doing around 13 or so, dream shamanism and energetic practices...among others, but the list will be very long). I did train in some of those - but do offer Astrology here.

If this sounds like it is for you, then great! Though, please go by your belly feeling.
I do this, because it`s normal for me and I like to relate to the used "classification systems and thought schools", but people are different and these things may be approachable for some, but will not be "clicking" for others, which is just fine, too.

It`s the first time I put in on here. We`ll see how it goes...

SALES COACHING (from experienced coach with 6+ years experience!)

153.58 C$ /h

SALES COACHING OFFER

Sometime around 10 years ago I had a station in my work life when I worked in densely KPI-oriented environments with Sales and Marketing quotas. At that time I used to train staff for call center and sales conversations over the phone. I did this for over 6 years and coached over 100 people 1:1. The original reason why I got that chance was that I used to be an overperformer myself. So I didn`t come from "flashy powerpoints", but actually walked the talk prior to passing on any opinions.
I worked in B2B, in software environments, but had a very rich work life with times when I worked in all sorts of industries, really. So, from HR to Sales/Marketing, Tech, Finance, Products...I also worked with events and organization, with logistics, design, and high fashion, if you`d like to believe it ;-)

What is the offer - and what is the methodology?
My approach is simple: PEOPLE make business work, nothing else. Communication and how you focus make the difference. Just like how "well you feel in your skin". I believe in a consultative approach and listening to a (potential) customer. A talent that helps in customer service and in sales or presales.
My goal is for a win-win, which I feel is happening when both parties are interacting helpfully with each other.

So, my offer is to help young professionals, who often have problems picking up a phone - being confident.
Or, if you come from a non-customer-facing role and want to "work your way into confidence" I can help you with that, too.
Other than my background above I worked in multilingual environments and have/had a "side hustle" in working with people in psychological/motivational ways. So that goes on top.

My price goes per hour. Please let me know what your challenge is and what you hope to accomplish. I`ll give you an honest feedback on my end. Then we can agree on the time slots.

Alessio

5.0

(13)

I've been teaching Italian for over 5 years, armed with a Double Degree in Languages, plus not one, but two Masters in teaching Italian! 🎓 🇮🇹 And here's the ciliegina sulla torta: I just kicked off a BSc in International Communication.

Are you ready to embark on an incredible adventure through the enchanting world of Italy, Italians, and gestures? :-)

We begin by assessing your level, goals, and needs. Together, we craft a personalized plan, ensuring that your learning experience is tailored, efficient, and effective. The classes are tailored to suit your individual level, needs, and goals. Depending on you, we will use textbooks, online tools, or articles among others.

My approach encompasses various aspects such as conversation, vocabulary, grammar, Italian culture, or test preparation.

Book our class now!

Kevin

5.0

(13)

I offer you a new learning experience.

The focus is on practical application and theory is only introduced where intuition reaches its limits.

Whether you are a beginner or an advanced learner, my tailor-made lessons will accelerate your language acquisition in a positive learning environment.

You can book a complete course with regular sessions or individual lessons to overcome a specific problem, such as pronunciation or a particular point in grammar.

Learning a foreign language is not a linear process that consists of memorising a list of words, and speaking a foreign language is not an oral translation exercise.

There are two types of approaches to acquiring knowledge:

When asked what year follows 1999, you can immediately answer 2000 without having to think for a long time and, above all, without having memorised each number individually, starting with 1, 2, 3 ... You know that numbers are formed according to a certain pattern. With only ten digits, you can form an infinite number of numbers and always know which number comes next.

When it comes to the alphabet, words and sentences, it's more or less the same, but school pedagogy, school textbooks and regular lessons still follow the rote learning approach. In the lessons I propose, you will learn to use patterns because this is more efficient and faster.

Learning is easy, but unlearning bad habits is extremely difficult. This makes it all the more important to learn the right reflexes as early as possible.

My offer is aimed at both young people and adults who want to learn German or improve their knowledge without wasting time on nonsensical school methods.

I offer individual or group lessons for German. The methods are based on cognitive science and, in particular, comparative linguistics. My flexible programme can be tailored to your individual needs. The programme focuses on your independence in spontaneous conversations in real life.

What is particularly important to me:

motivating my students and help them establish a learning rhythm;
encouraging their creativity;
helping them become more familiar with the language;
teaching them the letters and their sounds;
strengthening their memory by training their phonological loop;
teaching sentence building plans instead of memorising sentences;
explaining how language works so that my students can become independent as quickly as possible.

I look forward to meeting you.

Phillip

5.0

(13)

For the past two decades, I've had the privilege of tutoring in both French and English. My students have ranged in age, background, and origin, spanning children, teenagers, adults, professionals, and even seniors aged 85 and above.

You might wonder why I teach both languages. Well, I am bilingual, with American and Swiss/French roots, and I currently reside in Ireland. This unique blend of experiences equips me with a strong and relevant teaching approach. I possess an intimate understanding of both cultures, enabling me to tailor my classes to the specific needs of my students.

My teaching journey began during my time studying social work in French-speaking Switzerland. I started offering private French and English lessons to supplement my income, and I quickly discovered my passion for it. Even after graduating and embarking on a full-time career, I couldn't bear to give up this rewarding activity. I cherished the opportunity to connect with diverse individuals and assist them in achieving their language goals.

In my teaching methodology, interactivity takes center stage. I employ a variety of engaging learning tools, including photos, newspaper articles, music, videos, and more. My approach is highly adaptable, with a focus on addressing each student's unique priorities. Some seek to refine their pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, while others require assistance with presentations or speeches for school or work. Some simply aspire to acquire a new language to enrich their general knowledge. I also specialize in teaching younger children, a testament to my educational background and experience.

What you will gain from my courses extends beyond impeccable pronunciation and enhanced vocabulary and grammar. You'll also acquire a profound understanding of the culture associated with each language. When speaking a language, it's essential to appreciate the lifestyle, traditions, and heritage of the nations where it thrives. French and English are spoken as primary languages in numerous countries worldwide, each with its own unique accent and cultural nuances. The learning process is limitless!

In addition to my language instruction, I'm a genealogist and host spiritual (non-religious) seminars in the beautiful West of Ireland. My passion for vegetarian and vegan cuisine adds a flavorful dimension to my life. Furthermore, I hold a degree in Early Childhood Education and have operated a private "Before & Afterschool" facility along with Summer Camps catering to children aged 4 to 12 for many years.

I am genuinely excited about the prospect of meeting and working with you!

Catharina

5.0

(13)

Learn business German today and advance your career!
Can tailor lessons to your preferred field/subject/profession.
We will cover all aspects required for a successful completion. This includes reading, writing, comprehension, grammar, interview questions/situations (oral and written).

Gohar

5.0

(13)

Achieve Your French Language Goals with Professional DELF/DALF Preparation!

Are you preparing for the DELF or DALF exams? Whether you’re aiming for beginner, intermediate, or advanced certification, my online French classes are designed to help you succeed with confidence.
As a professional French teacher with extensive experience teaching French, Russian, English, and Armenian, I provide personalized lessons tailored to your level and learning style.

What you can expect:

Comprehensive exam preparation focusing on all four skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing

Clear explanations of French grammar and vocabulary relevant to the DELF/DALF exams

Practice with real exam materials and mock tests

Tips and strategies to improve your performance and manage exam stress

Patient, supportive teaching that builds your confidence and communication skills

Whether you want to enhance your general French or master the exam format, I’m here to guide you every step of the way.

Let’s work together to open doors to new opportunities with your DELF/DALF certification!

Giorgia

5.0

(13)

Hello everyone!
I'm Giorgia and I come from Torino, Italy.
I offer my native knowledge of Italian to any of you, who wants to discover this beautiful language.

I teach for all levels, from very beginners to advanced speakers, passing through amateurs or simply curious of any age. I can also help with university exams and school works/assignments.
Being a pianist and a piano teacher, I already have lots of experience with teaching and pedagogical approach with the whole range of ages.

The lesson is intended to meet the student needs: the focus can be on the grammar, conversation or literature. In case of a middle-level speaker, the lesson will cover all four language's abilities: listening, speaking, writing and reading. My suggestion of a well planned lesson is, for any level, to divide it into two parts: grammar first and then conversation (covering all the abilities mentioned above).

Thank you for your attention and looking forward to meeting you !!

Anna

5.0

(13)

Bonjour 👋

I offer support courses in French for primary school students, middle and high school and college students .

The goal is to be comfortable in French!
We study while having fun,
we immediately practice what we learn orally and in writing!
I make the pronunciation work, I correct the errors thanks to different playful activities: games, Reading, text comprehension, writing, quizzes, riddles, rebus, dictations, etc.
...

Awni

5.0

(13)

French DELF & TCF Exam Preparation | Get Certified with Confidence

Are you preparing for the DELF or TCF French exam for studies, work, or immigration?
I offer professional, results-focused preparation to help you reach your target score with confidence.

🎯 What you will get:
✔ Preparation for DELF A1–C1 and TCF (all formats)
✔ Full training in the 4 official skills:

Listening

Reading

Writing

Speaking
✔ Mock exams with detailed feedback based on official criteria
✔ Exam strategies, time management & common pitfalls
✔ Vocabulary and grammar targeted to your exam level

👨‍🏫 About me:

Experienced French language instructor

Specialized in DELF & TCF exam preparation

Proven methods adapted to your level and goals

Clear explanations and confidence-building speaking practice

💻 Lesson format:
📍 Online
⏱ Flexible schedule
🌍 International students welcome

📩 Book your first lesson on Apprentus today and take the next step toward French certification!

Cami

5.0

(13)

How to prepare for a media interview? What means should be used to fight his fear of the camera and improve his image? How to present yourself and your project in front of a camera?

How to present yourself and your project to the media?

Targeted content according to your project: Verbal and/or gestural communication; Seduction of the lens and/or microphone; Improvisation in front of a microphone and/or camera; Voice & gaze; One or two camera games; Chronic; Animation; Reporting; Live radio & TV; Interview; Narration; Speech in all its forms (...).

In short, several objectives:
◾ Confront your shyness in front of the microphone/camera.
◾ Understand his speech and diction.
◾ Tame the media environment (radio/tv).
◾ Become familiar with your image and voice.
◾ Manage your speaking time.

Through exercises (diction, voice, presence, breathing, presentations, time management), role plays, simulated interviews and familiarization with their image and voice, participants evolve at their own pace within a framework flexible teaching.

Please note that during the videoconference session, all the notes are transcribed gradually on the chat so that you can access them at any time when you wish.

Indeed, speaking is a predominantly physical activity, which, while taking care of its image, is based on a body, a voice, a breath, a rhythm (diction) and an emotion (the imagination and the sensations ) reflecting the speaker's involvement in his speech. How to send a clear message? How to make the difference, to make an impression?

Knowing how to speak, act and interact in public is almost a necessity today: your public speaking must be effective and efficient with clear, simple and impactful messages.

Simple and pragmatic tools will be presented for: generating listening ● making an impression ● fostering confidence ● generating need ● motivating teams by explaining a strategy ● getting messages across within groups ● overcoming shyness by assimilating 3 CRV axes (body-breathing-voice) ● better manage disagreement or conflict.

Mastered, the method allows:
• to improve self-confidence and stress management with the development of the speaker's (verbal-corporal) ease, his public speaking skills and his sense of repartee and improvisation.
• to work on their ease, leadership, charisma, creativity and personal development through role-playing scenarios.
* to improve the characteristics of the spoken voice (timbre, pitches, intention, flow).
* convey your message through your image, while gaining improvisation skills and responsiveness.

Supplemented by basic exercises (diction, voice, presence, breathing, presentation, time management), role plays, improvisations and simulations. With the key word: pronunciation, diction / articulation, the sense of repartee.

THE TRAINER
➤ With training from Grande Ecole post-preparatory classes & Ivy League university in the United States, our teacher trainer has specialized and has worked for more than 15 years in the field, in Europe and North America, in renowned international public and private establishments, regularly speaking in forums and conferences, and also offering personalized INDIVIDUAL support, with pedagogy and careful methodology as the watchwords.

➤ PLACE, TIMETABLE, PRICES
✓ Locations: Geneva-Lausanne-Fribourg-Zurich-Neuchâtel-Lugano-Montreux-Basel-Neuchâtel-Bern-Lucerne-Brussels-Luxembourg-Paris-Lyon. But currently, these sessions continue to be offered by videoconference in the current context and in accordance with general demand which is almost unanimous on this subject.

✓ Indeed, apart from the classic advantages of videoconferencing (time saving related to travel & their unforeseen events, eco-responsibility, increased schedule flexibility, etc.), the quality of the session & the interaction remain identical. In addition, the entire exchange, notes and recommendations are immediately transcribed on the dedicated chat.

✓ To support us among ourselves & to be pleasant to you in this sustainable / particular period and in a spirit of solidarity, the fees are temporarily reduced and will not increase after the start of our sessions.

✓ Languages: French/English.

✓ The progress following these private sessions is perceptible from 1 to 2 sessions (*2024 study).

✓ As other people do regularly, you can also please your loved ones by offering gift vouchers available all year round.

Mohsen

5.0

(13)

I teach German courses on the largest online sites and other platforms for all Goethe levels from A.1 to C.1 as well as special courses for beginners and advanced students as well as senior high school students in Egypt in the largest institutes as I am an expert in the German language in state secondary schools and a certified teacher in the largest platforms: I have a Master's degree in German Literature from the University of Vienna, Austria
I also speak Arabic, my native language
I am also fluent in English

AbdulRahman

5.0

(13)

✨ So, do you want to learn the Egyptian dialect? 🇪🇬
Would you like to communicate easily and simply with Egyptians in your daily life 🏙️ or during your trip to Egypt ✈️🌴?

🤔 Let me guess...

❤️ You love the people, you love the culture, and you wish for nothing more than to speak Egyptian Arabic freely...

❌ But you don’t know where to start...
⚡ How to keep your motivation...
📚 Or where to find good and useful resources to improve.

💡 I know these struggles very well, and that’s why I designed this course especially for you!

👉 You will learn the basics and everyday vocabulary of the Egyptian dialect, along with many of the most common expressions and phrases Egyptians use daily.

🗣️ From the very first lessons, you’ll be able to greet, ask simple questions, and hold a short conversation with confidence.

👨‍🏫 As an Egyptian teacher, I will guide you step by step with simple, interactive, and enjoyable methods tailored to your level.

✅ No previous language experience is required.

🚀 Join us now and enjoy a new and exciting way to learn how to communicate in Egyptian Arabic!

Lilia

5.0

(13)

I am a FLE (French as a foreign language) teacher in training centers, associations, and remotely for foreigners who wish to learn French.
Preparation for DEFL and DAFL for all levels.

I have a master's degree in business engineering and international trade, a certification in FLE and a master's degree in teaching in progress.
I use fun and interactive methods with lots of language practice.
I can help you write your CV and cover letter, and practice for job interviews.

I offer sessions adapted to the needs and pace of each learner.

Methodology :
- Initial assessment: For each support I will carry out a diagnostic assessment to identify the student's strengths and weaknesses in the subject concerned (mathematics, French, science, etc.).
- Personalized approach: Courses are adapted to the student's level, with individualized monitoring. This includes practical exercises, targeted revisions, and explanations adapted to each learning pace.
- Progressive objectives: we set short and long-term objectives together to motivate the student and measure their progress.
- Learning techniques: I use interactive methods (online exercises, educational games) and revision sheets to help memorize and understand key concepts (flashcards, etc.)

Typical sessions:
- Course of the sessions:
- Review of previous concepts: 10-15 minutes to review the points covered during the last lesson.
- Lesson of the day: 30-45 minutes to introduce and explain a new concept.
- Practical exercises: 20-30 minutes to apply what has been learned, offering exercises adapted to the student's level.
- Questions and corrections: 10-15 minutes at the end to answer the student's questions and correct mistakes together.
- Regular monitoring: I plan regular assessments to adjust the learning method and adapt the pace of the lessons.

So what are you waiting for? Join me for an unforgettable adventure!

Lukila

5.0

(13)

A class is a safe space for children to learn explore and discover new things ,fun activities ,motor skills development, communication and learning new vocabulary, day to day skills.
Lessons to fit each child'abilities focusing on their development

Chris

5.0

(13)

Learn to Perfect Your American English Accent and Communication Skills—for Work, Academics, and Everyday Life
Great for Study Abroad and International Students!

“Where are you from? ...No, but where are you actually from?”

I was born and have lived in the United States my entire life (28 years). I lived in the rural Midwestern state of Wisconsin until age 13. Then I lived, attended middle school, graduated high school, and attended university in the major U.S. cities of Chicago, Illinois, and San Francisco, California.

I come from a bilingual home, and my parents speak with an accent—but my American English accent is clear, standard, and natural.

I’m happy to work with you to help you sound more American. This can be extremely useful for English learners who want to communicate more confidently and comfortably in school, at work, and in daily life.

We will cover:
• Accent and pronunciation
• Pacing and rhythm
• Vocabulary and word choice
• Delivery and confidence

All techniques are based on evidence from linguistics and communication studies, so you’ll understand why they work—not just memorize rules. Accent and communication improvement is a science and an art.

I have worked in journalism, speech-language pathology, tourism, and customer service. I have experience in high-academic settings (like museums and graduate seminars) and everyday settings (like working in stores). I am currently working toward a Level 5 TEFL diploma.

I have one semester left in my degree in Spanish and Chinese at San Francisco State University, and I plan to move abroad for graduate school. I have also taken graduate-level classes in Chinese and Spanish. I speak eight languages fluently, and I understand what it takes to make a foreign-language accent sound natural and confident.
I’m warm, friendly, patient, professional, open-minded, and flexible. Every student has a unique journey in language learning, and I will meet you where you are to meet your goals.

Feel free to message me with any questions!
• Se habla español
• 这里讲中文
• Fala-se português
• 日本語が話せます
• On parle français
• Der tales dansk
• Se vorbește română

Maryam

5.0

(13)

Hello! My name is Maryam, and I am an English tutor with a strong academic background in languages, translation, and media studies.

I hold:

🎓 an Associate Degree in Languages and Translation
🎓 a Professional Bachelor’s degree in Media and Translation
🎓 I am currently a Master’s student in Cultural Studies at Hassan I University in Settat

My academic training allows me to combine language accuracy, clear communication, and cultural awareness when teaching English.

What I offer:

✅ English for school & university students
✅ Academic English (reading, writing, presentations)
✅ Conversation & fluency practice
✅ English for media, communication & translation students
✅ Grammar, vocabulary & pronunciation improvement
✅ Support with translations (EN ↔ FR / AR) if needed