European Union, European integration, Enlargement, European regional policy: European Union (EU) The European Union is a unique political and economic partnership among European countries that aims to promote peace, stability, and prosperity through shared governance. It operates as a supranational organization with its own institutions—such as the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Council of the EU—responsible for policy-making, regulation, and coordination across various fields including trade, environment, justice, and external relations. European Integration European integration refers to the process of political, economic, and institutional unification among European states that began after World War II to prevent conflict and enhance cooperation. It involves the gradual transfer of decision-making powers from national governments to common European institutions, fostering collective action in areas like the single market, monetary union, and foreign policy. Integration has become a model of regional cooperation worldwide. Enlargement Enlargement is the process by which new countries join the European Union, extending its territory, population, and political influence. It is both a political and technical process, requiring candidate countries to adopt the EU’s acquis communautaire—its legal and regulatory framework—and to demonstrate stability in democracy, rule of law, and human rights. EU enlargement contributes to regional peace, economic development, and the consolidation of European values. European Regional Policy The European Regional Policy, also known as Cohesion Policy, aims to reduce disparities between the various regions of the EU by promoting balanced economic growth, job creation, and sustainable development. It channels financial support through the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF), targeting infrastructure, innovation, and social inclusion projects. The policy strengthens territorial cohesion and fosters competitiveness in less developed areas.