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Since October 2022
Instructor since October 2022
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North Azizia, close to the Grand Mosque, Makkah Al-Mukarramah
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From 26.32 C$ /h
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Learn with an explanation, then apply what we have learned, and then we lay the foundations and strategy to reach the best results, God willing
God willing, we learn the phenomena of science in unconventional ways, and we allocate interactive classes to conduct practical experiments, if possible.
The role of the teacher is to take into account the individual differences and the skills that each student possesses
Extra information
private books
Location
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At teacher's location :
  • العزيزيه, العزيزية، مكة المكرمة السعودية
Age
Children (7-12 years old)
Teenagers (13-17 years old)
Student level
Beginner
Intermediate
Duration
60 minutes
90 minutes
The class is taught in
Arabic
English
Availability of a typical week
(GMT -05:00)
New York
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At teacher's location
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
00-04
04-08
08-12
12-16
16-20
20-24
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د.
Thermal changes accompanying physical and chemical changes
Thermal changes accompanying physical changes

- melting temperature
It is the temperature change when one mole of solute is dissolved in a given amount of solvent
(The amount of heat energy absorbed or released when one mole of solute is dissolved in a given amount of solvent).
During the dissolution process: two processes occur:
A- Dissociation: the breaking of bonds (endothermic reaction)

Sodium and chloride ions dissociate from the crystal lattice as a result of the ionic bond breaking.
The energy absorbed to break the bond is called the heat of the crystal lattice (bond energy).
- Crystal lattice temperature: It is the energy needed to break the bond between ions in the crystal lattice.

B- Hydration: The dissociated ions bind with water molecules to form hydration ions (exothermic process).

Rehydration temperature:

It is the amount of heat released when hydrating ions bind to water molecules.
If the crystal lattice temperature > heat of hydration

Dilution temperature:
It is the heat change per mole of solute when diluted from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution.
(It is the heat change of one mole of solute when diluted in a large amount of water (about 1000 moles of solvent)).

Sedimentation temperature:
The amount of heat released when one mole of an insoluble substance is completely precipitated.

- heat of combustion
It is the amount of heat released when one mole of a substance is completely burned in an abundance of oxygen. (The reaction is always exothermic).

Formation temperature:
It is the amount of heat released or absorbed when one mole of a compound is formed from its elemental elements so that the elements are in their standard state. (at 25 °C, a pressure of 76 x g).

Note:
Heat of formation of the elements = zero
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د.
Thermal changes accompanying physical and chemical changes
Thermal changes accompanying physical changes

- melting temperature
It is the temperature change when one mole of solute is dissolved in a given amount of solvent
(The amount of heat energy absorbed or released when one mole of solute is dissolved in a given amount of solvent).
During the dissolution process: two processes occur:
A- Dissociation: the breaking of bonds (endothermic reaction)

Sodium and chloride ions dissociate from the crystal lattice as a result of the ionic bond breaking.
The energy absorbed to break the bond is called the heat of the crystal lattice (bond energy).
- Crystal lattice temperature: It is the energy needed to break the bond between ions in the crystal lattice.

B- Hydration: The dissociated ions bind with water molecules to form hydration ions (exothermic process).

Rehydration temperature:

It is the amount of heat released when hydrating ions bind to water molecules.
If the crystal lattice temperature > heat of hydration

Dilution temperature:
It is the heat change per mole of solute when diluted from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution.
(It is the heat change of one mole of solute when diluted in a large amount of water (about 1000 moles of solvent)).

Sedimentation temperature:
The amount of heat released when one mole of an insoluble substance is completely precipitated.

- heat of combustion
It is the amount of heat released when one mole of a substance is completely burned in an abundance of oxygen. (The reaction is always exothermic).

Formation temperature:
It is the amount of heat released or absorbed when one mole of a compound is formed from its elemental elements so that the elements are in their standard state. (at 25 °C, a pressure of 76 x g).

Note:
Heat of formation of the elements = zero
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